Cosmic Rays

Cosmic rays are radiation resulting from supernova explosions and thermonuclear reactions on the Sun. The different origins of the rays determine their main characteristics.

Cosmic Radiation and Its Effect on Living Organisms

Direct cosmic radiation is detrimental to humans. Fortunately, our planet is reliably protected against cosmic radiation with its atmosphere.

When interacting with atmospheric layers, cosmic radiation tends to change its energy characteristics. As a result, high-energy radiation from the space ‘weakens’ and forms secondary radiation.

Whatever the sources of cosmic rays and whatever their power, the threat to a person on the Earth’s surface is minimal. Notable damage to cosmic radiation can affect cosmonauts, because they are not protected against direct cosmic radiation by the atmosphere.     

Solar Radiation and Its Effects on Humans

The Sun is a star with various thermonuclear reactions constantly occurring in its depths, accompanied by strong energy emissions. The main types of solar radiation are infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation.

The Sun’s thermal effect results from infrared radiation. It promotes vasodilatation, stimulates the cardiovascular system, and activates skin respiration. This intensifies the development of endorphins (happiness hormones) that have soothing and anti-inflammatory effects. Heat also influences metabolic processes by activating metabolism.

The infrared solar radiation stimulates the brain and is responsible for the mental health of humans. At the same time, it is this type of solar energy that influences the human body’s biological rhythms: activity and sleep phases.

Many vital processes would be at risk without infrared radiation, which would cause the development of various diseases, including insomnia and depression.

Ultraviolet radiation is quite beneficial as it promotes the enhancement of human immunity. In addition, it is necessary for the production of porphyry, an analogue of plant chlorophyll in our skin. However, excess of ultraviolet rays can lead to burns. Therefore, it is very important to know how to protect ourselves in the period of maximum solar activity.

In order to avoid harmful ultraviolet exposure, it is necessary to restrict the time of staying in the sun at noon, be more in the shade, wear protective clothes (hats that cover the eyes, face, and neck) and sunglasses with side panels that provide protection against all types of ultraviolet radiation, as well as apply lotions with sun protection factor (SPF) 30+. However, it should be kept in mind that shade and protective clothes ensure much better protection than application of sun protection lotions.

Physicians also advise not to use artificial tanning equipment: regular visits to a solarium under the age of 35 lead to the development of melanoma and solarium is not for children under 18 years of age.

Uatom.org Editorial Board